Next → The ninth season of the American television series commenced airing in the United States on November 11, 2001, concluded on May 19, 2002, and consists of twenty episodes. The season takes place after () goes into hiding, following the events of the, '. As such, the main storyarc for the season follows (), (), and () on their hunt to reveal a involving the elaborate and malevolent creation of the '. For this season, former series' leads Duchovny and Anderson scaled back their involvement with the show, with Duchovny only starring in the two episodes that formed the season finale, '. Doggett and Reyes became the show's central characters, and former recurring character () became a. Series creator had hopes that the show could continue on with new leads, and the opening credits were accordingly redesigned again.

Season nine received mixed reviews by critics and garnered negative reaction from many long-time fans and viewers, partially because Duchovny did not make regular appearances on the show, after fulfilling his contract in the previous season. During this year, ratings for the season fell dramatically. Critics blamed it on what they considered an increasingly incoherent story arc, whilst the cast and crew ascribed the drop in viewership to the. Regardless, Fox eventually decided to cancel the series. During the airing of season eight, Carter and The X-Files production team had created and aired a titled. The show was unsuccessful and was cancelled before any story arcs were resolved, but The X-Files episode ' was written to give closure to the series. The X-Files storyline was continued with the 2008 theatrical film and later with a in 2016.

Main article: After the finale ', () goes into hiding. () is again reassigned to the, and () becomes 's () new FBI partner in the. Doggett asks Scully for help on a case involving an EPA official, Carl Wormus (Nicholas Walker), who died after his car was forced off a bridge by a woman he picked up. Doggett and () travel to a reclamation plant, looking for links between Wormus' work and death.

Name: Robert Gish. Enlist Date: 5 Nov 1946. Residence: Hopkins County, Kentucky. Marital Status: Single, Without Dependants. Education: Grammar School. Serial Number: 45012356. Enlistment Term: One Year Enlistment. Branch Code: Inf10. Grade Code: Pfc 7.

After doing an illegal autopsy on Wormus, () sends () to locate Doggett. The investigation at the reclamation plant leads to an unknown woman, whose identity is later revealed to be (), one of Doggett's former Marine associates.

She reveals to Doggett that she is a '. This leads them to a clandestine laboratory where a secret experiment is taking place on board on a naval ship. They later find connections between the experiments on the ship and Scully's child,. 'The show has been Mulder's quest for the truth.

It was that for seven years and for part of the eighth year. But I really think that with the introduction of John Doggett last year, [.] a baton was passed [.] literally he [Mulder] handed over the X-Files office to Doggett.'

— talking about the possibility of a 'Mulder-less' season. After Scully begins to miss Mulder, a complete stranger—the ' ()—offers his service to drive Mulder out of hiding. Scully takes the offer, but unknowingly gets herself and Mulder in even more danger.

The 'Shadow Man', who is revealed to be a 'Super Soldier' bent on killing Scully and Mulder. After a chase through a quarry, the 'Shadow Man' is destroyed after being exposed to. Later, Scully, Doggett and Reyes find evidence of a dangerous UFO cult which has uncovered a second spacecraft similar to one. Misled by the FBI, the agents enlist the help of to protect Scully's son after they learn that the cult intends to kill the child. The cult, however, is successful in kidnapping the child. Concurrent with these events, Doggett is run over by a car, which sends him to the hospital. As Follmer and the ' () try to uncover the plans of the three agents, Scully and Reyes leave Washington, D.C.

To find Scully's son. Doggett finds a strange disfigured man in the X-Files office; believing he is Mulder, Scully has his DNA tested, and the results reveal him to have the same pattern as Mulder. The disfigured man sticks a needle into William, which the other agents believe to be a virus of some kind, but it is later revealed to be a cure for William's powers.

The unnamed man is later revealed to be (), Mulder's half-brother. In the season finale, Mulder returns from hiding in the attempts of finding classified information at an army base.

He is caught, however, after allegedly killing an apparently indestructible 'Super Soldier', which causes him to be tried before a military tribunal. With the help of Kersh, Scully, Reyes, Doggett, Spender, () and (Jeff Gulka), Mulder breaks out, and Mulder and Scully travel to to find an old 'wise man', later revealed to be the ' (). He tells the two that aliens will begin colonizing the planet on December 22, 2012. Cigarette Smoking Man appears to be killed by a missile, launched under the command of (), who is revealed to be alive and well. Mulder and Scully escape, but become fugitives on the run from the FBI. The final scene of the season features the two in a motel room facing an uncertain—but possibly hopeful—future.

Production [ ] Development [ ] Following the eighth season of The X-Files, David Duchovny announced that he would be completely leaving the show. As such, the future of the show was up in the air. Before greenlighting a ninth season, neither the nor any of the members knew if creator Chris Carter would return for another season. With this being said, he encouraged the other members of the crew to continue the series without him. Eventually, however, several crew members began to develop new scripts ideas for the ninth season, many of which excited Carter.

This new-found enthusiasm eventually caused Carter to sign a contract with Fox for another year. Likewise, Anderson signed on at the last minute, with her contract extension only lasting until the end of 2002; she specifically stated that she would leave the show following the conclusion of the season. Due to the changes in the cast, during the ninth season Doggett and Reyes became the series' new leads.

Executive producer Frank Spotnitz speculated that the show could extend into a tenth and possibly eleventh season, if the show was able to attract an audience. However, the show lost viewers and was eventually cancelled by Fox. With the news of the impending end to the series, the crew members decided to wrap up long-running plots. ', the final episode to feature the Lone Gunmen, served as a de facto series finale for the cancelled X-Files spin-off series. And co-writer had to fight to get the episode made; the studio informed Spotnitz that they did not want to bring the characters back in any capacity, as Fox reportedly 'hated [the] characters'. Similarly, 'Release' was written to create closure to the story of the murder of Doggett's son. The show's crew and actors had a range of opinions about the show's finale, '.

Carter said of the finale, 'It's the end—you don't get another chance. So you'd better put everything you've ever wanted to put in into the episode. There were things to distract from what was going on. The band was breaking up.' Gish said, 'It did feel like a big movie set. We were on location, there was an enormous budget, and everyone came back.'

Davis said, 'It was great that they brought us all back in the finale, that they found a way to get us all in again.' Pileggi said, 'I can remember the last day on the set. We shot a scene with Gillian and myself, and that was it. And then I had to say goodbye to another family, another crew.

I almost teared up, and Gillian was standing there looking at me saying 'Okay, go ahead, big guy; get through this.' It was tough.' Patrick said, 'It was pretty euphoric, and sad, and all those emotions you can imagine. A chapter's closing, and we're all moving on to something new and exciting. And yet we were all going to miss each other.' Called the final scene 'truly one of the most emotional experiences I've ever witnessed in my life.' Former lead actor Duchovny said, 'In some ways, psychically I didn't really leave.

It was nice to be able to – I'm just really happy that I was able to come back and finish it.' Shots from the show's ninth season credit sequence. With ', the style of the opening credits were changed from the original credits, which, more or less, had been the same for the previous eight seasons. The credits included new graphics as well as new cards for Gish and Pileggi. In addition, Elwes was cast to portray the new recurring character, Brad Follmer, an at the FBI, and Alan Dale was also written into the show as a new 'villain', the 'Toothpick Man'. Lucy Lawless was cast as the intended-recurring character Shannon McMahon, but she became pregnant after filming the season premiere, and—due to her high-risk pregnancy—had to leave the series. After the departure of Duchovny, the show garnered much criticism by fans and critics alike, with many saying that the bond between Mulder and Scully was what actually kept the show together for the of the show.

Realizing his importance in the series, and his crew opened negotiations with Duchovny in the hopes that he would reprise his character for the finale. Initially, they were unsure if he would appear, but he eventually elected to return. Spotnitz said, 'My impression from talking to him was that he still cares about the show. He's still invested in it and certainly cares about [Mulder].

And I think he recognized that it was the best thing for the show and the audience [for him] to come back and give closure to nine years of the series.' Not only did Duchovny return for the finale, he also returned to write and direct the episode '; he even had a small cameo in the episode, appearing as a reflection in Scully's eye. Three episodes later, Duchovny returned as an actor for the season finale, 'The Truth'. Crew [ ] Chris Carter served as executive producer and for the season and wrote nine episodes, including the two-part season premiere and season finale, as well as important mytharc episodes. Spotnitz continued as executive producer and wrote seven episodes, plus receiving story credit for an additional episode.

Continued as executive producer and wrote three episodes. Was promoted to executive producer and wrote two episodes, plus receiving story credit for an additional episode. David Amann was promoted to supervising producer and wrote two episodes. Was promoted to executive story editor and wrote two episodes.

Former writer for The Lone Gunmen joined the writing staff as a story editor and wrote two episodes. Duchovny received story credit for a single episode. Manners continued as co-executive producer and directed the most of episodes of the season with eight, including the two-part season finale. Directed three episodes. Series creator Chris Carter directed two episodes.

Co-executive producer and series writer John Shiban each made their directorial debuts, directing one episode. Series writers Frank Spotnitz and Vince Gilligan each directed an episode, after previously directing their first episodes the previous season. The remaining episodes were directed by,, and cast member David Duchovny. Cast [ ] Main cast [ ] • as • as Special Agent • as Special Agent • as Special Agent • as Assistant Director a Duchovny is featured in the opening credits for the two-part season finale only.

He also has a small uncredited cameo in 'William', and appears in archive footage in 'Trust No 1' and 'Jump the Shark'. B Pileggi is only credited for the episodes he appears in. Recurring cast [ ] Also starring [ ] • as • as • as Guest starring [ ]. See also: Episodes marked with a double dagger ( ) are episodes in the series' Alien Mythology arc.

In season Title Directed by Written by Original air date Prod. Viewers (millions) 183 1 ' & November 11, 2001 ( 2001-11-11) 9ABX01 10.6 () begins his investigation of Deputy Director () and search for (). 184 2 ' Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz November 18, 2001 ( 2001-11-18) 9ABX02 9.4 Shannon McMahon (), a former Marine associate of Doggett's, reveals to Doggett that she is a '.' This leads them to a clandestine laboratory where secret experiments are taking place aboard a naval ship. 185 3 ' Frank Spotnitz Frank Spotnitz December 2, 2001 ( 2001-12-02) 9ABX03 8.7 With () reassigned to the Quantico Training Academy, Doggett and () investigate their first together – a series of satanic ritual murders. 186 4 ' Tony Wharmby December 9, 2001 ( 2001-12-09) 9ABX05 8.9 A vicious murderer threatens Doggett and Reyes and then vanishes.

Doggett is shot and () discovers that Reyes' gun was used. 187 5 ' Kim Manners December 16, 2001 ( 2001-12-16) 9ABX06 9.9 Scully, Doggett and Reyes investigate when a teenager dies while performing a daredevil feat for a television show, but his death is soon revealed to be caused by a disturbing family secret.

188 6 ' Tony Wharmby Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz January 6, 2002 ( 2002-01-06) 9ABX08 8.4 Scully is hopeful about reuniting with Mulder when a complete stranger offers new information about what drove him into hiding. Yet her trust in the stranger may place Mulder in even more danger. The tagline of this episode is 'They're Watching.'

189 7 ' January 13, 2002 ( 2002-01-13) 9ABX07 8.7 With no knowledge of his identity or his past, Doggett is found wandering a dusty Mexican town. While he struggles to piece together his memory, he finds himself embroiled in a smuggling plot. Across the border Scully and Reyes attempt to find him.

190 8 ' Kim Manners David Amann January 27, 2002 ( 2002-01-27) 9ABX04 7.8 Reyes takes the lead while investigating an X-File case surrounding a man found skinned alive. When she discovers that he had visions of a similar thing, she calls on Scully's expertise to help with the investigation. 191 9 ' Kim Manners Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz March 3, 2002 ( 2002-03-03) 9ABX10 9.7 When rubbings from the spaceship resurface, the FBI hides its investigation from the X-Files. Meanwhile, Scully is forced to take drastic measures when she discovers a threat to William.

192 10 ' Chris Carter Chris Carter & Frank Spotnitz March 10, 2002 ( 2002-03-10) 9ABX11 8.4 Distrustful of both Skinner and Follmer, Scully circumvents the FBI's investigation into William's kidnapping and performs her own, assisted by Reyes and. 193 11 ' Kim Manners Steven Maeda March 17, 2002 ( 2002-03-17) 9ABX13 8.0 Awakening in a surreal hospital – which a companion believes to be Death's Waiting Room – after being hit by a car, a comatose Reyes struggles to wake herself up before her card is acted upon. 194 12 ' John Shiban March 31, 2002 ( 2002-03-31) 9ABX09 7.3 Doggett is determined to find an error in the DNA evidence that freed the convicted 'Screwdriver Killer', whom he nearly caught in the act 13 years earlier. 195 13 ' Chris Carter Chris Carter April 7, 2002 ( 2002-04-07) 9ABX14 9.1 In the race to catch a serial killer, Scully and Reyes find themselves relying on, their powers of deduction, and a mysterious, card-playing stranger. 196 14 ' Thomas Schnauz April 14, 2002 ( 2002-04-14) 9ABX12 8.2 Leyla Harrison takes Reyes and Doggett on a drive into the mountains after a woman stabs herself repeatedly and her widowed husband refuses to let anyone see their son.

197 15 ' Vince Gilligan & John Shiban & Frank Spotnitz April 21, 2002 ( 2002-04-21) 9ABX15 8.6 When approaches the agents with information related to the 'Super Soldiers', they turn to The Lone Gunmen. But the Gunmen are already knee-deep in a bio-terrorist's plot which has links to the mysterious.

198 16 ' Story by: David Duchovny & Frank Spotnitz & Chris Carter Teleplay by: Chris Carter April 28, 2002 ( 2002-04-28) 9ABX17 9.3 Doggett finds a strange, disfigured man in the X-Files office and, on a whim of Scully's, they test his DNA. The surprising answers they find become even more surprising when William's life is put on the line. 199 17 ' Kim Manners Story by: John Shiban & David Amann Teleplay by: David Amann May 5, 2002 ( 2002-05-05) 9ABX16 7.8 When one of Scully's students displays an inordinate ability to profile serial killers, his insights reopen the murder case of Doggett's son, Luke. 200 18 ' Vince Gilligan Vince Gilligan May 12, 2002 ( 2002-05-12) 9ABX18 10.4 Doggett, Reyes, Scully and Skinner stumble on to a bizarre murder case where the main suspect is Oliver Martin (), a man with an unusual obsession with. 201 202 19 20 ' Kim Manners Chris Carter May 19, 2002 ( 2002-05-19) 9ABX19 9ABX20 13.25 After not knowing Mulder's whereabouts for the last year, Skinner and Scully learn he's being held for the murder of a military man he couldn't possibly have killed: (), one of the government's secret 'Super Soldiers.'

Mulder breaks out of prison with the help of Skinner, Reyes, Doggett, Scully and. Mulder and Scully travel to New Mexico where destroy an cliff dwelling ruin along with the (). Reception [ ] Ratings [ ] The first episode of the season, 'Nothing Important Happened Today', gathered 10.6 million viewers, whereas the second part gathered only 9.4 million viewers.

On May 19, 2002, the, 'The Truth', aired, and the Fox Broadcasting Company confirmed that The X-Files was not being renewed for a tenth season. When talking about the beginning of the ninth season, Chris Carter said, 'We lost our audience on the first episode. It's like the audience had gone away, and I didn't know how to find them.

I didn't want to work to get them back because I believed what we are doing deserved to have them back.' 'The Truth' received the highest and viewership numbers of the season. It earned a 7.5 rating and gathered 13.25 million viewers in the United States. The loss of viewers resulted in this season seeing a 30 percent ratings drop when compared to the eighth season. Reviews [ ] Sabadino Parker from, when commenting on the series finale, said, 'It's also for the good, because The X-Files has long been but a pale reflection of the show it once was.'

Brian Linder from was more positive to the ninth season, saying that the series could still have aired if the writers created a new storyline for Robert Patrick and Annabeth Gish's character, which The X-Files crew did not do and continued what was seen by many critics as tiresome. Aaron Kinney from was more negative to the new season, even joking about the new female lead, calling her a 'peppy new female presence.' Reviewer Ken Tucker said the show operated in what he called 'quaint territory', speculating that Chris Carter was the only one who seemed to understand the complex. Elizabeth Weinbloom from concluded with, 'shoddy writing notwithstanding, it was this halfhearted culmination of what was once a beautifully complicated friendship', between Mulder and Scully, ended remaining interest in what was a 'waning phenomenon'. Another review from The New York Times said of the show, 'The most imaginative show on television has finally reached the limits of its imagination.' Listed the ninth season and the 2008 film as the 'bad apple' of The X-Files, describing the ninth season as 'clumsy mish-mash of stuff that had once worked and new serialized storylines about so-called 'super soldiers'. Crang, in his book Denying the Truth: Revisiting The X-Files after 9/11, noted that season nine 'does not have a great reputation among viewers'.

However he argued that the season contains a few 'hidden gems' and praised those episodes which dealt with new material, while criticising other entries for focusing too heavily on 'plotlines and characters from years gone by'. DVD release [ ] The X-Files – The Complete Ninth Season Set details Special features • 20 episodes • 7-disc set • 1.78:1 aspect ratio • Subtitles: English, Spanish • English (Dolby Digital 2.0 Surround) • 'The Truth About Season Nine' Documentary • Documentary on 'The Truth' • Audio Commentaries (Dolby Digital 2.0 Stereo) • ' – • ' –,, • ' – • 9 special effects clips • 10 deleted scenes • Character profiles • 38 promotional television spots Release dates Region 2 Region 4 May 11, 2004 ( 2004-05-11) June 7, 2004 ( 2004-06-07) July 27, 2004 ( 2004-07-27) Notes [ ].

• & (directors); & (writers). 'Nothing Important Happened Today'.. Episode 19 & 20.. • ^ 'Frank Discussion'.. February 2002. Retrieved on October 1, 2009.

• (director); & (writers). 'Trust No 1'..

• (director); & (writers). • (director); & (writers). • (director);, & Duchovny (writers).

• (director); (writer). 'The Truth'.. Episode 19 & 20.. May 18, 2001. Retrieved July 5, 2009. Mit Erfolg Zur Dsh Pdf To Excel. • ^ Spelling, Ian. (February 2002) 'Doggett's Pursuit'..

Retrieved on October 1, 2009. • ^ ScFiWire staff (November 21, 2001). 'The X-Files'. Missing or empty url= (); access-date= requires url= () • Hollywood Reporter staff (October 15, 2001).

Missing or empty url= (); access-date= requires url= () • Fleming, Michael; Adalian, Josef (July 20, 2000).. Retrieved November 27, 2009. Profiles: Monica Reyes (DVD). The X-Files: The Complete Ninth Season:. The Truth Behind Season 9 (DVD).. •, & Shiban, John (2002).

Audio Commentary for 'Jump the Shark' (DVD).. • ^ Fraga, pp. • Hurwitz and Knowles, p.

208 • Hurwitz and Knowles, pp. May 19, 2002. Retrieved August 17, 2009. • ^ KJN (March 5, 2002)...

Retrieved August 3, 2009. • ^ Kessenich, p. 204 • ^ The X-Files: The Complete Ninth Season (booklet)., et al.. • ^ Kessenich, p. 193 • 'Primetime TV Rate Race'..

December 5, 2002. • 'Primetime TV Rate Race'.. December 12, 2002. • ^ Canton, Maj..

Retrieved February 24, 2013. • Murray, Steve (January 18, 2002). ' 'X-Files' Creator Plots Cliffhanger for Series Exit in May'.. • Andreeva, Nellie (March 6, 2002). 'Usual suspects dominate Post-Olympic TV Numbers'.. • Collins, Scott (April 10, 2002). ' 'CSI,' NCAA Spell CBS viewer win: NBC Holds Big Lead in 18-49 Demo; 'Late Night' Scores Big'..

• Littleton, Cynthia (April 30, 2002). ' 'Dead' rises on Sunday for CBS: Part 1 of Mini Helps Eye to Viewers Win, Tie with Fox in Demo'.. • Andreeva, Nellie (May 14, 2002).

' 'Dinotopia' ABC Ratings Monster: Part 1 of Mini Trounces Rivals, Spurs Net to Sunday Victories'.. • ^ Kissell, Rick (May 21, 2002)... Retrieved March 25, 2015.

• Goodman, Tim (January 18, 2002)... Retrieved July 27, 2009. • Associated Press (May 2002). 'Prime-Time Nielsen ratings'. Associated Press Archive. • Parker, Sabadino (May 15, 2002)... Retrieved August 3, 2009.

• Linder, Brian (January 18, 2001)... Retrieved August 17, 2009. • Kinney, Aaron (May 17, 2002)... Retrieved August 3, 2009. • Tucker, Ken (November 16, 2001)... Retrieved August 17, 2009. • Weinbloom, Elizabeth (June 2, 2002)...

Retrieved August 17, 2009. October 10, 2002. Retrieved August 17, 2009. • Adams, Sam; et al. (May 7, 2012)...

Retrieved May 19, 2012. • Crang, M.A. Denying the Truth: Revisiting The X-Files after 9/11. Bibliography [ ] • Fraga, Erica (2010). LAX-Files: Behind the Scenes with the Los Angeles Cast and Crew.

• Hurwitz, Matt; Knowles, Chris (2008). The Complete X-Files. Insight Editions.. • Kessenich, Tom (2002). Examination: An Unauthorized Look at Seasons 6–9 of the X-Files. Trafford Publishing..

External links [ ] • on TheXFiles.com Wikiquote has quotations related to: • List of on • List of.

— Jeeves (from 'Scoring off Jeeves') Bertie Wooster and his valet Jeeves are fictional characters, created by British author. They have appeared in many comedic short stories and novels published between 1915 and 1974.

Wodehouse's most famous, Bertram Wilberforce 'Bertie' Wooster, is also the character who probably best embodies Wodehouse's gift for language. Bertie may be 'mentally negligible', but as narrator of his own adventures he expresses himself with a loopy eloquence virtually unmatched in literature, giving this series its much-beloved sense of humor. The plots tend to follow a set formula: life would be just about perfect for our single and very wealthy young man-about-London-town were it not for his inability to say no when his even goofier friends and/or imposing aunts come asking favours. Most often these are tied into typically Wodehousean love affairs, rife with comic misunderstanding and convoluted scheming, meaning that Bertie generally finds himself 'accidentally engaged' at least once or twice a book (in a couple cases, on and off over the course of several books).

Of course, always the perfect gentleman (as the stern Code of the Woosters dictates), he would never correct a lady.Thankfully, Bertie's uber-valet ( not butler, though if the call comes, he can buttle with the best of them),, is fully as capable as Bertie is ineffectual. With, apparently, the same effort most people put into buttoning their cuffs — and without so much as a flicker in his coolly correct facade — Jeeves steps in when all seems hopeless, rescues Bertie and/or his friends from their entanglements and. Often several times per book. Because the fact that Bertie and co.

Are involved means there's always a chance the best-laid plans will go awry. Arthur Treacher was well-known as the embodiment of Jeeves in a series of films in the 1930s, with taking the part of Bertie Wooster. In the Sixties, Ian Carmichael (better known for playing ) as Bertie and Dennis Price as Jeeves appeared in the TV series The World of Wooster. (It is on record that Wodehouse did not care much for any of these adaptations.) There is also a BBC radio version starring as Bertie and Michael Hordern as Jeeves, possibly the most faithful adaptation of the books, as it preserves Bertie's first-person narration. This series included dramatizations of The Inimitable Jeeves; The Code of the Woosters; Right Ho, Jeeves; Joy in the Morning; Stiff Upper Lip, Jeeves; Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit; and The Mating Season. All but the last have been released on compact disc and. The Jeeves stories were also the basis and inspiration for an musical, Jeeves, which was released in 1975 and failed so spectacularly both critically and commercially that it's still thought of as Webber's first real flop.

However, in 1996 the musical was reworked, rewritten and re-released as By Jeeves, which was far more successful and got generally positive reviews. Perhaps most famously, the Jeeves stories formed the basis of the popular early '90s series, starring and, respectively.

I don’t know if you’ve ever met my Uncle George. He’s a festive old egg who wanders from club to club continually having a couple with other festive old eggs. When he heaves in sight, waiters brace themselves up and the wine-steward toys with his corkscrew. It was my Uncle George who discovered that alcohol was a food well in advance of modern medical thought.

•: Bertie sometimes quotes Latin tags, usually of the schoolboy variety, quite unnecessarily. Jeeves's are usually more apposite, but he isn't above showing off either. From Joy in the Morning. Jeeves: Precisely, sir. Rem acu tetigisti. Bertie: Rem—?

Jeeves: Acu tetigisti, sir. A Latin expression, literally meaning 'you have touched the matter with a needle'. A more idiomatic rendering would be— Bertie: Put my finger on the nub? Jeeves: Exactly, sir. •: Bertie often reminds us that he excelled in Scripture Studies, but Jeeves is much better versed in it. •: A non-romantic example is seen with Bertie and Aunt Dahlia. •: It's best not to aggravate The Reverend Harold 'Stinker' Pinker.

He is/was a star Rugby player and boxer, and tends to see red when struck. •: Many of Jeeves's plans are actually this.

He often relies entirely on his victim's reactions - 'the psychology of the individual' - but he's never wrong. • • Young Thomas in 'The Love That Purifies' will not take kindly to any acquaintance of his who insults Clara Bow. • Anatole the chef has several such buttons.

•: Roderick Glossop is equipped with a pair of these. •: Bertie, who is being held prisoner on old man Stoker's yacht in Thank You, Jeeves, disguises himself in this way in order to leave the yacht with a black minstrel troupe. This becomes a problem when he can't get the boot black off. Sir Roderick Glossop, who had also donned blackface to entertain Aunt Myrtle's young son Seabury, has the same problem. •: Jeeves, to a degree. He tolerates and even sometimes encourages minor criminal behavior on Bertie's part, but the slightest deviation from a proper gentleman's dress-code is ruthlessly squashed. •: • Cora Bellinger the opera singer in 'Jeeves and the Song of Songs'.

Often referred to simply as 'The Bellinger' as if she were some type of siege engine. Bertie: I don't know what it is, but women who have anything to do with.always appear to run to surplus poundage. • Hilda Gudgeon in The Mating Season • Honoria Glossop passim. Bertie describes her thusly in 'Scoring off Jeeves': 'She had gone in for every kind of sport and developed the physique of a middleweight catch-as-catch-can wrestler.'

•: One of Jeeves' regular tasks is getting Bertie Wooster out of engagements while avoiding such lawsuits. The TV adaptation, produced after the breach of promise doctrine was abolished, replaces these references with Jeeves simply trying to avoid offence to the parties involved or being under threat of violence rather than legal action. •: In 'The Inferiority Complex of Old Sippy', Bertie rigs up a bucket trap filled with flour in order to embarrass an antagonist of his old friend Sippy. Naturally, it winds up falling on Bertie's head. •: is but Bertie frequently remarks on how he can 'shimmer' into a room without ever being seen to enter. •: Bertie might be a, but that doesn't mean he can't appreciate the female form. Like in Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit, when he describes the gorgeous Daphne Dolores Moorehead as having 'more curves than a scenic railway'.

•: Motty (Lord Pershore), the only son of Lady Malvern, is put up in Bertie's apartment in 'Jeeves and the Unbidden Guest'. Liberated from his mother for the first time ever, he goes on a series of drunken sprees, much to Bertie's horror. Challenged by Bertie, Motty says 'This is the first time I've been let out alone and I mean to make the most of it.

We're only young once. Why interfere with life's morning? Young man, rejoice in thy youth!'

Bertie: Put like that, it did seem reasonable. •: In 'The Artistic Career of Corky' Wooster explains the catch for those wanting to take up portraiture: 'you can't start painting portraits until people come along and ask you to, and they won't come and ask you to until you've painted a lot first.' •: In 'The Love that Purifies', Aunt Dahlia has a bet with a friend that her son Bonzo can behave better than Aunt Agatha's offspring Thomas while a mutual acquaintance is staying with Bertie; Bonzo is toeing the line so he can be worthy of movie star, who he has a big crush on. Unfortunately, Thomas is behaving even better, because he has a crush on Clara Bow. See for how Jeeves deals with the situation. •: Bertie never has a serious relationship. He says that on occasion he has gotten carried away and asked a girl to marry him, but he always gets out of it.

He seems to want nothing more than to live the life of a well-off bachelor. • In earlier stories, Bertie will sometimes fall into mad infatuations and propose with Florence Craye, Pauline Stoker, and Bobbie Wickham. In later works, Bertie seems terrified of marriage in general.

• In Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit, Bertie winds up climbing into Florence Craye's room at night by mistake (). Florence, in her bedclothes, demands that Bertie kiss her. He does, but then says 'the whole thing seemed to me to be becoming far too French.' •: As noted directly above, it's subtle, but it's there; Bertie gradually realizes that he doesn't really want to get married to anybody, and stops intentionally proposing to any of the women he becomes entangled with. •: Jeeves constructs his stratagems upon 'the psychology of the individual.' He has been known to lose a battle occasionally, but never the war.

When events are particularly fast-paced and outrageous, see. • Bertie's one effort at playing the role of (in Right Ho, Jeeves) didn't just flop, it •: Bertie. Not quite as inexplicable as it seems at first glance; he has a lot of money, he's a generally nice (not to say easily manipulated) guy, and — cover illustrations notwithstanding — is implied to be at least pleasant-looking, hence the casting of Hugh Laurie. The downside is that he tends to attract the domineering sort of girl that Aunt Agatha would approve of. •: Subverted at every opportunity — if a child appears in a Wodehouse story, nine times out of ten he (it's usually a he) will be an. Exemplified by Edwin Craye, the eager Boy Scout from Joy in the Morning; at one point his attempt to 'catch up' on his daily good deeds results in a house burning to the ground (without him in it, unfortunately enough from Bertie's point of view). Later, Bertie's scheme to break up with Edwin's sister by kicking the kid in the backside backfires when it turns out she and her father have also been victims of these 'good deeds', and are profoundly grateful to Bertie.

•: 'Jeeves and the Yule-Tide Spirit', in which Bertie is invited to spend the holiday at the Wickham residence. He decides to play a trick on fellow guest Tuppy Glossop, but as usual with his schemes, it goes horribly wrong. •: Several, but most notably Madeleine Bassett. She thinks the stars are God's daisy chain. •: Bertie is sometimes annoyed by the fact that nothing can faze Jeeves, who reacts to the craziest situations with nothing more than a slight raise of an eyebrow. I doubt if he would do much more than raise an eyebrow if, when entering his pantry, he found one of those peculiar fauna from the Book of Revelations in the sink. (Aunts Aren't Gentlemen) •: Bertie doesn't age over nearly sixty years of stories.

It helps that there are little to no references to current events in the Jeeves and Wooster catalog, but the pop culture references that are sprinkled throughout do indicate that quite a bit of time is passing. Yet Bertie remains a young English gentleman throughout.

• In early short story 'The Love that Purifies', and Clara Bow are mentioned as screen idols. In the last novel, Aunts Aren't Gentlemen, Bertie sees an anti-war rally, and there are jokes about Billy Graham. •: Sir Watkin writes his Memoirs and several parties take offense at the depiction of the now respectable pillars of society as the kind of roaring youths that would not have gone out of place in the Drones Club. Oddly enough, this does not include most of the people so depicted, who seem to like the idea that the youth may realise that they too were young once. •: There are many references sprinkled throughout the canon to other stories. In 'Leave it to Jeeves' Bertie has a rueful memory of 'the matter of Gussie and the vaudeville girl' (the first Jeeves story, 'Extricating Young Gussie'). In 'Jeeves and the Unbidden Guest' he remembers that incident again.

• In Joy in the Morning, Bertie remembers having to sneak out and ring the fire bell at Aunt Dahlia's place—the plot of Right Ho, Jeeves. • The same silver cow creamer is a crucial plot point in both The Code of the Woosters and How Right You Are, Jeeves.

•: Bertie Wooster's Aunt Dahlia Travers, whom he pointedly refers to as 'my good aunt,' although she has a scary side. •: Bertie is often the recipient of threats of this kind. One such example can be seen •: Jeeves reveals wannabe Fascist leader Roderick Spode's terrible secret to Bertie: Spode also owns a popular ladies' lingerie boutique. Even Bertie quickly catches on to the possibilities for blackmail. .I cannot say whether La Pulbrook's violin solo was or was not a credit to the accomplices who taught her the use of the instrument.

It was loud in spots and less loud in other spots, and had the strange quality that I've noticed in all violin solos of seeming to go on much longer than it actually did. • The one exception is Bertie himself, whom Jeeves himself considers to have a pleasant baritone. This is played up in the Laurie/Fry TV series, where it's combined with. • But when Bertie takes up the banjolele in Thank You, Jeeves, he fits the trope once again.

•: In 'Extricating Young Gussie', the first Jeeves and Wooster short story, Bertie's personality and his relationship with Aunt Agatha are all in place, but their family name appears to be 'Mannering-Phipps' instead of 'Wooster' (although this is changed in later prints). More noticeably, Jeeves appears for all intents and purposes to be an ordinary valet, and when Bertie gets in trouble and needs help, he has no idea who to ask. The surname 'Wooster' and the personality of Jeeves as we know him today don't appear until the second story, aptly titled 'Leave It to Jeeves'. •: In one short stored named Comrade Bingo, one of Bertie's friends is in love with the daughter of a communist revolutionary. He disguises himself and gives speeches with a very Eat the Rich bent to them. Bingo: “And the fat one!” proceeded the chappie. “Don’t miss him.

Do you know who that is? That’s Lord Bittlesham!

One of the worst. What has he ever done except eat four square meals a day? His god is his belly, and he sacrifices burnt-offerings to it till his eyes bubble. If you opened that man now you would find enough lunch to support ten working-class families for a week.” •: Much Obliged, Jeeves involves Ginger Winship, one of Bertie's old chums, campaigning to become a Member of Parliament. Aunt Dahlia is supporting him and wants Bertie to work for him as well.

•: In Joy in the Morning Bertie climbs though Boko's window, rather than entering through the door, because.well, he just does. •: • Many members of the Drones Club go by nicknames, often for excellent reasons; in Thank You, Jeeves, 'Chuffy' Chuffnell has gone his whole life concealing that his first name is Marmaduke. • Presumably the only reason young Mr.

Glossop lets his friends call him 'Tuppy' is because it's preferable to Hildebrand. Trotter avoids knighthood for fear of having his first name exposed to public view (it's Lemuel).

Rumour has it that his author, Pelham Grenville Wodehouse, avoided knighthood for the same reason. • To an extent, Jeeves' first name. It's not so much that 'Reginald' is a particularly embarrassing name or even ill-suited to Jeeves' personality. It's more that he has a first name at all. (Jeeves' first name is not mentioned until the next-to-last novel, Much Obliged, Jeeves.) •: Bertie's middle name is Wilberforce, his Uncle Tom's is Portarlington, and Mr.

Trotter's is Gengulphus. Dahlia: I do wish you would call him something other than '. •: Aunt Agatha. Sometimes other evil aunts show up as well, particularly in the earlier stories. •: Bertie lets himself be talked into just about anything, and usually on the flimsiest of pretexts.

In 'Bingo and the Little Woman' he admits that he could probably join a monastery and get browbeaten into doing something by a silent monk, purely through mime. •: Bertie's pal Bingo Little is always falling in love with girls of low social station. Century 21 Accounting 7th Edition Chapter 13 Test Algebra. Jeeves' scheme to warm up Bingo's uncle to the idea and securing Bingo's allowance through the use of romance novels all focusing on this trope, with the uncle marrying his cook and and keep giving Bingo the same allowance. • Likewise, Bertie's Uncle George, Lord Yaxley, has a similiar habit; in one story, he falls in love with a waitress.

When Jeeves is recruited by Aunt Agatha to break this up, the plan is to reunite George with the barmaid he fell in love with in his youth. They are quickly married before Agatha can stop them. •: Purposely invoked for comedic effect. •: Bobbie Wickham.

From 'Jeeves and the Yule-Tide Spirit', in which Bobbie eventually sets up Bertie and Tuppy Glossop to play pranks on each other. Jeeves: Miss Wickham lacks seriousness.

She is volatile and frivolous. I would always hesitate to recommend as a life partner a young lady with quite such a vivid shade of red hair. •: Courtesy of Jeeves, the walking encyclopedia. Lots of characters defer to Jeeves before finishing their thoughts, and he always has ready the exact idiom they were searching for.

•: In the course of Thank You, Jeeves, one occurs between Bertie and Sir Roderick Glossop. Their sudden matiness can be quite astounding to those who miss the relevant chapter of the Wooster memoirs! •: A shining example,. The inhabitants of the Jeeves and Wooster universe are hugely rich without having to work for it, and nobody is ever in serious danger. Even relationship troubles are strictly angst-free. •: 'Biffy' Biffen, who has found the girl of his dreams, but can't remember her last name!

He could inquire at the hotel, but he can't remember where she's staying. Or where he's staying. It had a big door, and a sort of roof.

•: Aunt Dahlia's French chef Anatole tends to be very temperamental and prone to threatening to quit whenever he feels like his work is not being appreciated. •: Bertie is fundamentally incapable of turning really nasty, and definitely believes that blood is, but the appearance of one of his aunts can drive him to, by his standards, desperate measures. •: Bertie likes to read mystery novels, while Jeeves prefers the works of the philosopher Spinoza. •: In Jeeves and the Feudal Spirit, Bertie gets engaged to Florence Craye again. However, he's not too worried about it, because he observed that he always manages to avoid getting married. •: In 'Jeeves and the Song of Songs', after Bertie refuses to sing at a concert.

'Her first observation was that L.P. Runkle was an illegitimate offspring to end all illegitimate offsprings.' ( Much Obliged, Jeeves) •: Wodehouse (very likely under the inspiration of ) devised every variation imaginable for well over sixty years, from the lovable Aunt Dahlia to Aunt Agatha, who 'chews broken bottles and kills rats with her teeth.' •: Madeline's father, Sir Watkyn Bassett, an ex-Magistrate who once presided over Bertie's sentencing hearing for stealing a policeman's helmet on Boat Race Night. Though Bertie escaped with a small fine, the incident planted a seed of paranoia in Bassett, who on their next meeting some years later remembers 'the prisoner Wooster' as a nefarious archvillain. A misunderstanding not exactly cleared by the fact Bertie's only visiting his home in the first place in order to steal his cow-creamer. •: Sir Roderick Glossop, the noted looney-doctor, over the course of Thank You, Jeeves.

•: Bertie and Jeeves, their official relationship notwithstanding. Several stories open with Bertie defending his habit of deferring to his valet by saying that he considers him more as a 'guide, philosopher and friend'. And when Bertie overhears Jeeves disparaging his intelligence (see the page quote), his reaction is exactly that of a wounded best pal. We're used to watching Jeeves employ ruthless tactics against Bertie to get his way, but in 'Bertie Changes His Mind', as we're getting the story from Jeeves' POV, we're also shown a moment when he almost wavers in his plan out of affection for his boss. Jeeves: I am fond of Mr Wooster, and I confess I came near to melting as I looked at his pale, anxious face. •: In the first story, Jeeves gets the job by curing Bertie's hangover, and afterwards often dispenses the concoction following Bertie's latest night on the town. As in, Jeeves' mixture includes eggs and Worcestershire sauce.

•: An attitude that gets Bertie into constant trouble. Harold 'Stinker' Pinker and his fiancee, Stephanie 'Stiffy' Byng. •: Bingo Little suffers one in 'The Metropolitan Touch'. •: Jeeves is this trope personified.

However, unlike many instances of this trope, Bertie is fully aware that Jeeves is the smarter one and routinely turns to Jeeves in times of trouble. •: In one story, an American matron, described as 'the female counterpart to Aunt Agatha', thinks of Bertie as a symbol of England's indulgent and dying aristocracy because he's a high-living socialite who doesn't have a job. She met him in the first place because she was there to see her nephew, who, as far as she knew, was a high-living socialite with no job who he was supporting. She even wanted to try the high life herself.

The only real difference is that she thinks Bertie is sponging off the nephew in question by guesting at his house. •: Bertie, and many of his acquaintances. •: • The source of several of Bertie's engagements (notably his on/off saga with Madeline Bassett).

Bertie often says this when trying to play, but the women he's trying to impress on behalf of his friends inevitably assume he's talking about himself. • Played with in 'Jeeves in the Springtime': when Jeeves is asked where he can acquire a series of romance novels with which Bingo Little can soften his uncle, he replies, 'I have an aunt, sir, who has an almost complete set of Rosie M. There may or may not be such an aunt; certainly Jeeves later shows a great degree of familiarity with their contents. •: Bertie Wooster mistakenly creates the impression that he is proposing to/hitting on/in love with various women on a regular basis (when usually he is, in fact, trying to set her up with a friend).

Most of the time they aren't particularly interested in Bertie, but end up accepting his 'proposal' anyway, for one reason or another - often to provoke the friend's jealousy. •: People are constantly resorting to bribery, blackmail and outright theft in order to acquire or retain Anatole's services. •: • Bertie's last name is pronounced like 'Wuh-ster' rather than 'Woo-Ster.' For that matter, P.G.

Wodehouse's name is promounced 'Wood-House' rather than 'Wode-House.' • Also the case with minor character Cyril 'Barmy' Fotheringay-Phipps, whose surname is pronounced 'funghy-phipps'. •: Madeline Bassett and Florence Craye believe that this is the reason Bertie lets them go. With the distinctly awkward result that they're so impressed by his noble nature they keep taking him back whenever their current fiance displeases them.

On the other hand, this is the attitude Roderick Spode genuinely has towards Madeline; they eventually do get married, much to Bertie's relief. •: Bertie only very belatedly realizes that Jeeves even has a first name.

Note It's Reginald. •: If a Wodehouse character has been pursuing the same girl across multiple books, it's almost a given he'll run off with a brand-new female character in the last installment. Augustus Fink-Nottle is a prime example. •: Bingo is frustrated in 'The Great Sermon Handicap' when trying to compose a love poem for a girl named Cynthia. He wishes she were named Jane, as that would be much easier to rhyme. •: Bertie pretty much embodies this concept.

Wodehouse's talkative, burbling narration style may well have influenced other British writers. I never know, when I'm telling a story, whether to cut the thing down to plain facts or whether to drool on and shove in a lot of atmosphere and all that.

I mean, many a cove would no doubt edge into the final spasm of this narrative with a long description of [the big horse race], featuring the blue sky, the rolling prospect, the joyous crowds of pickpockets, and the parties of the second part who were having the pockets picked, and - in a word, what not. •: Wodehouse is fond of this trope, and a particularly notable example appears in Right Ho, Jeeves (see ). •: Madeline Bassett, who — among other things — considers stars to be God's daisy chain.

At one point, convinced he's been pining for a glance at her, she compares a thoroughly befuddled Bertie to a cavalier who traveled across seas to kiss his beloved's hand and then expired. •: Bertie Wooster repeatedly fills this role, especially for Bingo Little, with varying results. •: The most famous is the seventeenth-century English ( not Modern Dutch!) silver cow-creamer, the attempted theft of which starts off an entire multi-book uproar in Bertie's love life. The French chef Anatole often serves as a. •: Tuppy uses this to insult Angela. •: In one story Bertie tries to pretend he's romance novelist Rosie M.

Banks, claiming the Rosie name is a pseudonym. The person he's trying to fool is a fan of Rosie who doesn't know what she looks like, allowing the lie to work. Bertie is doing this to help the man's nephew, who wants to get married but needs his uncle's approval. It goes wrong when it turns out the would-be bride actually is Rosie M. It goes right when this means the uncle approves of the marriage on the basis of his admiration for Rosie. •: Bertie, with help from Jeeves, is often this. Sometimes out of the goodness of his heart, when acting to help one of his old friends get the girl, and sometimes out of self-preservation, to make sure that he doesn't get stuck marrying the girl.

•: Bertie Wooster's internal monologue is absolutely full of these. •: An amusing variant pops up in Bertie's love life.

Having somehow convinced Madeline Bassett he's desperately pining away for her while actually pleading for Gussie Fink-Nottle, Bertie spends the next several books desperate to keep Madeline and Gussie together lest Madeline decide to make Bertie a 'happy' man instead. •: In The Code of the Woosters, Gussie Fink-Nottle tries to remove a fly from Stiffy Byng's eye at (of course) exactly the wrong moment. •: Roderick Spode, although he only inherits the title (as Lord Sidcup) after he's already been in the Dictator business for awhile. •: Bertie Wooster.

•: Bertie, who uses shorthand for everything. The entire Drones Club is this, to an extent, since everyone there goes by their nickname; Bertie's is one of the few to be derived from his actual first name.

•: • In-canon, during The Code of the Woosters. Specifically, 'Eulalie.' It's revealed at the end of the book.

• Inverted when Bertie takes every opportunity he can to tell you what happened that night with Tuppy Glossop and the swimming baths. •: Gussie Fink-Nottle finds newts easy, people difficult. Especially women. •: At the end of The Mating Season, Esmond Haddock's defiance of his five aunts inspires Bertie to confront his Aunt Agatha. Sadly, the book ends with his decision to do so. •: Bertie observes in 'Leave it to Jeeves' and in other stories that Jeeves is rarely observed to enter or leave a room; he simply appears.

In other stories Bertie describes how Jeeves 'shimmers' from place to place. One stage adaptation implements this by having Jeeves leave at one side of the stage, only for Bertie to call him back. He enters at the other side. •: Especially in the early stories, Jeeves zeroes in on a particularly tasteless item Bertie has dared to acquire without his advice — be it a cummerbund, checkered suit, various hats, purple socks, or a hideous mustache — and conspires to destroy it utterly.

Meanwhile Bertie is equally resolved to put Jeeves in his place by brazenly wearing same. Most stories will end with Bertie admitting defeat as a reward for Jeeves' latest bit of brilliance, only to be told that the offending item has already been destroyed or given away.

Note In 'Jeeves and the Hard-Boiled Egg', generally known as The One Where Bertie Has A Moustache, Jeeves devises a plan which saves the fortunes of a friend of Bertie's, and Bertie — whose moustache has been paining Jeeves throughout — explicitly rewards Jeeves with the order to shave the moustache off. Jeeves is profoundly moved. •: Bertie attempts this on more than one occasion, usually with disastrous results.

Also a common-enough reason for why women - particularly Angela - announce their plans for marrying Bertie, Gussie, or some other third party. •: To Bertie's constant annoyance, high-powered and brainy women seem to find him, or at least the prospect of whipping him into intellectual shape, romantically irresistible.